There has been much interest recently in investigating the role of environmental variables (ex. sunlight exposure, photo-period and solar radiation) in bipolar disorder (BD) patients. Studies have found a significant impact on both the onset and course of BD and also on sleep-wake cycle, mood and energy levels.
It is well recognized that a lot of BD patients tend to show a seasonal vulnerability, as described in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM 5) within the specifier criteria of BD.
One possible mechanism that could explain this phenomenon is the exposure to UV-B and better vitamin D levels, which may have a protective role in the development of bipolar disorder.
There is also evidence that shows increased exposure to solar radiation and the resultant weather conditions results in an earlier age of onset of BD.
There is a need for further, more conclusive studies in this subject.
References:
- Aguglia A., Borsotti A., Maina G. Bipolar disorders: Is there an influence of seasonality or photoperiod? Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr. 2018;40:6–11. doi: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-2144
- Bauer M., Glenn T., Alda M., Andreassen O.A., Angelopoulos E., Ardau R., Baethge C., Bauer R., Baune B.T., Bellivieri F., et al. Influence of light exposure during early life on the age of onset of bipolar disorder. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2015;64:1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.03.013.
- Geoffroy P.A., Bellivier F., Scott J., Etain B. Seasonality and bipolar disorder: A systematic review, from admission rates to seasonality of symptoms. J. Affect. Disord. 2014;168:210–223. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.002.
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