Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

1. Eczema
2. Hay Fever
3. Asthma ( atopy )
4. Theobald Smith phenomenon
5. Anaphylactic shock
6. Acute dermatitis
7. Urticaria
8. Prusnitz kustner reaction
   

Behcet's Syndrome

It is a type of vasculitis

Symptoms:

1. Oral and genital ulcers 
   
2. Uveitis 
3. Optic atrophy

Pickwickian Syndrome:

It is a symptom complex presenting with the following symptoms:

1.Obesity 

2.Hypoventilation 

3.Somnolence 

4.Erythrocytosis

This comdition has been associated with sleep apnoea syndrome which has now been established as a separate entity.

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Description:

Aabnormal dilatation of blood vessel

Pathogenesis:

Intimal tears progress to longitudinal intraluminal tears forming a lumen in the media.

There is collection of basophilic mucoid material in media and elastic tissue.

Most important factors promoting continued propagation of dissection are hypertension and velocity of left ventricular ejection.

Complications:

• Aortic rupture causing cardiac tamponade
  
• Leakage may cause pericarditis
  
• Dysphagia
  

Clinical Features:

• hypertension on initial presentation
  
• pericardial friction rub or AR murmur
  
• aortic insufficiency
  
• pulse deficit
  
• focal neurologic deficits may be present
  

Treatment:

1.Medical management for uncomplicated distal dissection

• sodium nitroprusside
• beta blockers
  

2.Surgery for acute proximal aortic dissection

• Operative repair to prevent rupture
  
• Emergency surgical repair for dissection of ascending aorta
  
• Cerebrospinal fluid drainage during and after surgery may reduce risk of neurological injury .
  

Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (IIH)

Description
Also called pseudotumor cerebri, benign intracranial and serous meningitis, it is a condition in which there is raised intracranial pressure in absence of space-occupying lesion, often presenting as headache and can potentially cause permanent visual loss.

Symptoms
Constant generalized severe headache
Transient visual obscurations (shadows, dark patches, or black spots in one or both eyes.
Pulsatile tinnitus
Visual sparkles (photopsia)
Diplopia

Signs
Papilledema
Enlarged blind spot.
Usually does not affect visual acuity.

Treatment
Most important aim of treatment is halting or preventing visual loss.
Weight reduction if obese.
Serial lumbar punctures can relieve syndrome.